Cg Garage

The "good enough" era of streaming is hitting a wall, and a new rebellious streak in Hollywood is reclaiming the theater as the primal source of the cinematic experience. We are joined by two veterans navigating this shift: Rob Nederhorst, a VFX supervisor who has shaped the visceral worlds of John Wick 3 and The Conjuring, and Ben Hansford, a prolific commercial director now leading the charge in AI filmmaking at USC. They are not just talking about tech for tech's sake. They are discussing how to move past the "lens test" phase of AI, where everyone is just showing off what the tool can do, and getting back to the actual discipline of telling a story that makes an audience physically flinch. The conversation pivots from the "all-or-nothing" marketing hype of AGI to the practical, gritty reality of modern production budgets. As Netflix-style algorithms push for "dumbed down" content designed for second-screen scrolling, these creators are using tools like VidViz (being championed by Monstrous Moonshine) to f

If the movies you're seeing lately feel like they were assembled by a committee rather than a creator, you're looking at the wrong side of the lens. We are dusting off a classic format today, leaning into the kind of raw film breakdowns we used to live for. The spotlight is on two heavyweights: Josh Safdie's Marty Supreme and Paul Thomas Anderson's One Battle After Another. Both of these pictures have just locked in Best Picture nominations for the 2026 Academy Awards, and it feels like a signal fire. After years of franchise fatigue and focus-tested safety, we are looking at a lineup that suggests great, uncompromising cinema is finally clawing its way back to the center of the frame. Fair warning: we aren't holding anything back here, so consider this a total spoiler warning. We are going deep into the structure, the endings, and the technical magic tricks that make these films work: from the anxiety-inducing rhythm of Safdie's 1950s ping pong subculture to Anderson's mastery of the long-lens Mojave car cha

Long before he was codifying the industry in the VES Handbook, Jeff was a kid in Los Angeles pouring ketchup on his friends to stage fake street fights for a hidden camera. His journey into the heart of cinema began under the mentorship of graphic design icon Saul Bass, where he learned that pushing the right buttons could lead to miraculous results. This foundation in precision and storytelling propelled him from a midnight gopher to the primary "fix-it guy" for landmark projects like The Last Starfighter and Stargate, ultimately leading to his pivotal role in founding the Visual Effects Society Awards. Beyond the technical wizardry and stories of killing Samuel L. Jackson on screen, Jeff offers a raw look at the systemic struggles within the visual effects industry. He explores the "kerfuffle" of 2013, the complexities of global unionization, and the rising tide of AI in the creative process. By advocating for a heist mentality where every shot is planned with surgical precision before a single frame is cap

Josh Safdie's Marty Supreme transports audiences to a vibrant 1950s world of professional ping pong, yet many viewers remain unaware that the film contains over 500 visual effects shots. Eran Dinur, the film's VFX Supervisor, reveals how his team meticulously recreated period accurate crowds in Tokyo and Wembley while keeping the digital work entirely "invisible." He views his role as a bridge between the filmmaker's vision and the technical reality on set, ensuring that every digital element supports the story without drawing attention to itself. For Eran, the ultimate compliment is a viewer who walks out of the theater believing every single frame was captured in camera. The transition into high end visual effects was an unlikely one for Eran, who spent fifteen years as a classical music composer before a random software download steered him toward ILM and eventually the Safdie Brothers. This musical background provides a unique perspective on the rhythm and "choreography" of effects, whether he is timing C

What happens when a filmmaker abandons a studio career on Saving Private Ryan and a PhD in history to create a film so challenging it is rejected by both Israeli and Arab film festivals? Michael Moshe Dahan joins the podcast to discuss Yes, Repeat, No, a meta-fictional deep dive into the life of actor-activist Juliano Mer-Khamis. By casting Palestinian, Israeli, and Lebanese actors to play different facets of the same man within a "rehearsal as performance" framework, Dahan explores the fluidity of identity and the tragedy of hardened political stances. This episode navigates the delicate "middle ground" of the Middle East conflict, focusing on the human friction that exists before ideologies take hold. Technically, Dahan breaks down the "weird and technical" mechanics of the shoot, including a four-camera multi-cam setup on a rotating stage where the cameras never stopped rolling. The discussion covers the sonic syncopation of sharp heels and metronomes, the influence of Freud's screen memories, and the phil

Will 2026 be the year of the ultimate industry reckoning or a digital renaissance? Hosts Chris and Daniel are joined by guests James Blevins and Erick Geisler for a deep dive into the "mild, medium, and spicy" predictions that will define the next year. As the dust settles on early AI experiments, the group moves past the "Will Smith eating spaghetti" era of novelty to discuss the professionalization of tools, the massive consolidation of legacy studios, and the survival of the traditional theatrical experience. The conversation pushes boundaries, exploring everything from the rise of personal AI creative agents to the outlandish possibility of data centers orbiting in space. By examining the potential collapse of current tech giants alongside the emergence of AGI, the panel maps out a world where the lines between science, religion, and storytelling are permanently blurred. This episode isn't just a look at what's coming, it's a high-stakes debate on who will lead the charge in the collision of Hollywood and

From disrupting the print industry with the original Macintosh to building bespoke tech for Premier League teams, Ivan Reel has always lived at the bleeding edge of media. Now the Head of Studio Technology at StradaXR, Reel traces his evolution from graphic designer to virtual production leader, sharing insights from his time managing Sony's pivot to digital workflows and his inspiring choice to return to film school later in life to master modern VFX. This convergence of deep technical experience and fresh artistic training has placed him at the forefront of optimizing LED stages for the next generation of filmmaking. The discussion digs into the technical and economic forces reshaping the industry, drawing parallels between the current AI explosion and the democratization of digital video. Ivan details how StradaXR utilizes Chaos Vantage to introduce real-time ray tracing to the volume , offering a superior alternative to standard game engine pipelines. The episode wraps with a compelling argument for the f

Why does the superhero spinoff Gen V often look more visceral and grounded than its blockbuster feature film counterparts? The answer lies in the unique philosophy of Visual Effects Supervisor Karen Heston, who joins Chris and Daniel to reveal the analog soul beating beneath the show's digital surface. Heston traces her journey from the chemical smells of a black-and-white darkroom to the high-pressure world of "Flame" compositing in New York, where she learned to be a "finisher" capable of managing clients and pixels simultaneously, a skill set that eventually propelled her to lead major projects like Arthur Christmas and Beasts of No Nation. The conversation pulls back the curtain on the gory, creative success of Gen V. Heston explains that the show's secret isn't an over-reliance on CGI, but a fierce commitment to practical filmmaking, using giant props for shrinking characters and silicone "blood darts" to anchor the digital effects in reality. She discusses the intense collaboration required between stun

Ben Mauro is one of the industry's most respected concept artists, known for defining the look of blockbusters like Halo Infinite, but his latest venture is a masterclass in how artists can successfully build and own their own intellectual property. Ben returns to the podcast to break down the journey of expanding his independent sci-fi universe, Huxley, from a passion project into a high-end graphic novel series published by Thames & Hudson. He shares the creative and business roadmap for launching his new prequel, The Oracle, and explains why maintaining full creative control is essential for building a lasting legacy in a committee-driven industry. Beyond the logistics of publishing, the discussion dives deep into the philosophical necessity of physical media in an age of fleeting digital licenses. Ben, Chris, and Daniel explore the "pride of ownership" that comes with tangible art, whether it's a collector's edition Blu-ray or a deluxe graphic novel, and how this tactile connection anchors the audienc

AI is revolutionizing cinematic lighting control with Beeble AI's Switchlight. Founder Hoon Kim explains how his tool, originally a general AI concept, became a powerful VFX asset by tackling the difficult process of relighting. Switchlight "unlights" any video footage to figure out the fundamental physical properties, like the shape (normals) and texture (metalness/roughness) of objects, and then uses this data to apply new, photo-realistic lighting instantly and securely. The desktop application is quickly becoming indispensable for both small production teams and major studios who need precise creative control over their shots. The conversation reaches a pivotal point when host Chris, an expert in real-time rendering, mentions his work with the real-time ray tracer Vantage, leading to mutual excitement about integrating their technologies. Switchlight provides the control that other generative AI tools lack, and Hoon sees its PBR data as a perfect control signal for future generative video models. They agr

Visual effects veteran Dennis Berardi joins the podcast to discuss the resurrection of his legendary studio, Mr. X, and his latest collaboration with Guillermo del Toro on Frankenstein. Dennis shares the technical and artistic challenges behind the film, detailing how his team blended massive physical builds with digital artistry to create the film's "invisible" effects. From creating expansive Arctic icescapes in a Toronto parking lot to blowing up 20-foot "bigature" miniatures for the climactic tower sequence, Dennis explains how they achieved an operatic scale while maintaining the emotional intimacy of Del Toro's father-son narrative. The conversation also navigates the complex business of visual effects, as Dennis recounts the dramatic story of selling Mr. X to Technicolor and his subsequent fight to reclaim the brand and IP after the parent company's collapse. He outlines his philosophy for rebuilding Mr. X as a boutique, filmmaker-focused studio that values artistry over volume. Finally, Dennis, Chris,

The anonymous "VFX soldier in the trenches" who took on the studios is back, and the fight he started is far from over. Two legends of the VFX labor rights movement, Daniel Lay (the formerly VFX Soldier) and veteran exec Scott Ross, join Chris and Daniel Thron to revisit the pivotal moment their fight began. The conversation goes back 10+ years to when the VFX Soldier blog became the rallying cry for an industry in crisis, detailing why Lay started it, his reasons for anonymity, and how he and Ross ultimately "merged forces" to fight for artists. The group dives deep into the history of their legal battle, revealing how their "Jedi Knight" law firm nearly won a tariff war against the studios, a fact later confirmed by the 2014 Sony hack. They also connect this past fight to the present, discussing the new Trump administration tariff proposal, the disruptive force of AI, and whether the collapse of the studio tentpole model finally creates an opportunity to rebuild the industry. Original VFX Soldier Blog > Sco

What was it like to be inside Softimage during the Microsoft acquisition? How did Bill Gates' "big pivot" to the internet change everything overnight? Industry veteran David Morin joins Chris to share his fascinating origin story, from programming with punch cards and an 8-year art detour to working with ILM on Jurassic Park and navigating the seismic shifts at Softimage, Microsoft, Avid, and Autodesk. Today, David leads the Academy Software Foundation (ASWF), and he details its crucial mission: providing a permanent, secure home for the industry's most vital open-source software. He discusses the importance of the foundation's "stamp of approval," the massive recent addition of ACES, and how open source works with commercial tools to democratize filmmaking, enabling independent, Oscar-winning animated films like Float to be created with tools like Blender. Academy Software Foundation > Join the ASWF > David Morin on LinkedIn > History of Softimage >   This episode is sponsored by: Center Grid Virtual Studio

For our special Halloween episode, we sit down with VFX Supervisor Gabriel Regentin to discuss his work with Ingenuity Studios on the smash-hit horror film, Weapons. Gabriel details his close collaboration with director Zach Cregger, whose primary goal was to ensure every visual effect felt 100% "in-camera" and unquestionably real. He shares the challenge of creating the film's signature terrifying effects and how Ingenuity Studios was brought in early to develop the look for such a massive, director-driven vision. Gabriel also walks us through his fascinating "origin story," from studying Performing Arts Technology in Michigan to navigating the 90s dot-com boom in New York with Macromedia Director and After Effects. He recounts his big break on The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, where he earned the nickname "Gatlin Gabe" for his rapid temp comps and created a shot so good it became the benchmark for the final vendor, landing him a job at Framestore and launching his career in feature films. Ingenuity Studios

Returning to the podcast for his fourth appearance, director Tim Miller, the creative force behind the blockbuster hit Deadpool and the acclaimed anthologies Love, Death & Robots and Secret Level, pulls back the curtain on the unpredictable reality of a Hollywood career. In a candid discussion, Miller unpacks the delicate balance of luck and perseverance that defines success, the misconceptions surrounding his collaborative directing style, and the complex challenges of working within the massive machinery of a studio franchise like Terminator. ​The conversation then pivots to the monumental shifts transforming the film industry. The group tackles the rise of Artificial Intelligence and its existential implications for creators, the changing landscape of Hollywood leadership, and the eternal debate between art and craft. Miller also reflects on his own creative drive, discussing the very different satisfactions of climbing the "mountain" of a major feature film versus the artistic freedom found in the sho

After nearly 20 years dedicated to James Cameron's groundbreaking Avatar saga, virtual production supervising stage operator Dan Fowler joins host Chris Nichols in the garage for a deep dive into his incredible 30-year career. Dan recounts his journey from being the drummer in a 90s hair metal band to becoming a key operator on one of the most technologically advanced film sets in history. This conversation is a rare, firsthand look into the evolution of modern filmmaking. Dan shares stories from the trenches, starting with his self-taught entry into VFX, his "rock and roll" days at Digital Domain in the late 90s, and the pivotal moment in 2005 when he joined the top-secret Avatar prototype project. He provides an insider's perspective on how the virtual production pipeline was built from the ground up, the immense pressure of working alongside James Cameron, and what it was like to solve unprecedented technical challenges in real-time. Dan Fowler and IMDB > Dan Fowler on LinkedIn > Avatar: The Way of Water

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1235529/Ever wonder how the scrappy, sarcastic world of Murderbot was brought to life? Veteran Visual Effects Supervisor Sean Faden pulls back the curtain on the hit Apple TV+ series, revealing the innovative and often hilarious journey of its creation. He shares the origin story of his involvement, detailing a highly collaborative process that began nearly a year before filming. Discover how the team stretched a modest budget to create an epic feel, using real-world locations from the deserts of Moab to the volcanic landscapes of Iceland. Sean gives a masterclass in creative problem-solving, from embracing the glorious cheese of the show-within-a-show "Sanctuary Moon" to designing a spaceship based on Jiffy Pop popcorn and filming creature attacks with a kiddie tunnel. They also discuss the future of the entire industry. Looking ahead from his current work on the anticipated Highlander reboot, Sean provides a firsthand account of the massive technological shifts underway. He and

A few months back, on episode 510, we debated whether James Cameron is an all-powerful maverick who answers to no one. VFX legend and Digital Domain co-founder Scott Ross heard the discussion and had a clear message for us: "You got it wrong." According to Scott, the idea that Cameron operates completely free from studio influence is a fantasy, especially when a quarter-billion dollars is on the line. He holds nothing back, sharing an explosive insider story from the set of Titanic that shows exactly how fraught that relationship can become. However, Scott is quick to admit that while he critiques the process, he never bets against the results, acknowledging that Cameron's success is both undeniable and admirable. The conversation then ignites over the future of the industry, as Scott labels Cameron’s public stance on AI "totally disingenuous." In his unfiltered opinion, AI isn't a tool for faster creativity; it's a weapon the studios will use to decimate the visual effects workforce. Strap in as Scott Ross u

Computer graphics pioneer Ken Perlin invented Perlin noise, a foundational tool used in nearly every area of computer graphics. In this episode of CG Garage, Ken shares his unique journey, starting with a childhood love for both art and mathematics. He recounts how his early work on the film Tron inspired him to invent Perlin noise and the foundational concepts of shaders, a breakthrough that laid the groundwork for modern GPUs and the photorealistic visuals we see today. His presentation of this work at SIGGRAPH in 1984 directly influenced companies like Pixar and permanently altered the landscape of visual effects. The conversation extends beyond historical innovation to a compelling discussion about the future. Perlin draws a sharp distinction between VR and XR, predicting that true mass adoption of immersive technology will only happen when devices become socially invisible, much like the iPhone's impact on personal communication. He posits that the future of technology is not about escaping reality but e

This week, we sit down with acclaimed cinematographer Autumn Durald Arkapaw, the first woman ever to shoot on IMAX for the film Sinner. She discusses her unique journey into filmmaking, including her work in 16mm on The Last Showgirl and her credits on major studio projects like Black Panther: Wakanda Forever and Marvel’s Loki. Autumn highlights the vital importance of finding a creative community and emphasizes how her career has been built on trust and collaboration with fellow artists. Autumn also dives deep into the dynamic (and sometimes frustrating) relationship between cinematographers and visual effects artists. Using her experience on Sinner as a prime example, she advocates for a more collaborative approach, stressing the need for on-set decisions and in-camera solutions to create more authentic and emotionally resonant images. The conversation is a masterclass in filmmaking, exploring everything from the subtle power of light and shadow to her experience as the first woman to shoot on IMAX for a na